Evidence explorer

The papers we can actually point at.

Research records and chemical-identity links are kept apart. An identity page is not a clinical study. An empty filter means that kind of record is not in this library yet. It does not mean the experiments were never done.

Search title, author, identifier, or compound

CompoundSettingRecord statusYear

10 indexed

Shown in the cited source
Once-Weekly Semaglutide in Adults with Overweight or Obesity
Wilding JPH, Batterham RL, Calanna S, et al. N Engl J Med. 2021. PMID 33567185.
STEP 1: phase 3 randomized, placebo-controlled trial of once-weekly semaglutide 2.4 mg in adults with overweight or obesity. It studies the approved medicine, not a research-catalog vial. Effect sizes live in the paper; they are not recopied here.
Who or what
Adults with overweight or obesity, without diabetes
Sample
Not established.
Comparator
Placebo
Endpoint
Change in body weight. Effect sizes are left in the paper.
Limitations
Applies to the studied product and population. Not a research-vial result.
Year
2021
Semaglutide
Shown in the cited source
Wegovy (semaglutide) prescribing information
Novo Nordisk. WEGOVY (semaglutide) injection, for subcutaneous use. Prescribing information, revised March 2024. Initial U.S. approval 2017.
The March 2024 Wegovy label calls semaglutide a GLP-1 receptor agonist. With diet and activity, that revision includes reducing the risk of cardiovascular death, nonfatal heart attack, or nonfatal stroke in adults with established cardiovascular disease and obesity or overweight. The boxed warning says semaglutide causes thyroid C-cell tumors in rodents at clinically relevant exposures, and that human relevance has not been determined. This is the Wegovy product. Later label revisions exist. A research vial is not this pen.
Who or what
Adults, as specified on the Wegovy label
Sample
Not established.
Comparator
Not established.
Endpoint
Not established.
Limitations
A 2024 label revision, not a promise that every later sentence on the carton is identical. Indications belong to the named product.
Year
2024
Semaglutide
Preliminary
Human evidence for BPC-157 in orthopaedic and regenerative medicine: a systematic review
Poolton JT, Minett J, Kazmi A. Acta Orthop Belg. 2026. PMID 42885452. DOI 10.52628/92.3.15837. Published online 8 Oct 2026.
Search through 1 June 2026 found three eligible human studies, 30 participants total: a retrospective intra-articular knee series (n=16), a retrospective intravesical interstitial-cystitis pilot (n=12), and a prospective intravenous safety pilot (n=2). No control groups. Authors rated methodological quality poor and certainty very low. They said BPC-157 should not be used clinically outside regulated trials.
Who or what
Humans, mixed conditions and routes
Sample
3 studies, 30 participants
Comparator
Not established.
Endpoint
Not established.
Limitations
The search ended 1 June 2026, so the count of three studies is not a permanent fact. Uncontrolled designs cannot establish efficacy.
Year
2026
BPC-157 BPC-157 / TB-500
Preliminary
Retatrutide, a Triple Hormone Receptor Agonist, for Treatment of Obesity
Jastreboff AM, et al. N Engl J Med. 2026 Nov 5;395(18):1781-1793. Epub 2026 Sep 29. PMID 42814954. DOI 10.1056/NEJMoa2604169. NCT05929066.
TRIUMPH-1: phase 3, randomized, double-blind, 80-week trial. 2,339 adults with obesity without diabetes were assigned once-weekly retatrutide 4 mg, 9 mg, 12 mg, or placebo. Primary comparisons were 9 mg and 12 mg versus placebo. Mean weight change was −17.6%, −23.7%, and −25.0% versus −3.9% with placebo. In 574 participants with knee osteoarthritis, pain scores fell more than with placebo. In 243 with obstructive sleep apnea, apnea–hypopnea events fell more than with placebo. The most common adverse events were gastrointestinal. A published trial is not an approval.
Who or what
Adults with obesity without diabetes; subgroups with knee osteoarthritis or obstructive sleep apnea
Sample
2,339 randomized; 574 with knee osteoarthritis; 243 with obstructive sleep apnea
Comparator
Placebo. Primary tests were 9 mg and 12 mg versus placebo.
Endpoint
Percent change in body weight; WOMAC pain in the osteoarthritis subgroup; apnea–hypopnea index in the sleep-apnea subgroup
Limitations
Online 29 Sep 2026; journal issue 5 Nov 2026. The 4 mg weight result is reported, but it was not a primary comparison. Investigational drug in the sponsor’s formulation. Results do not transfer to a research-catalog vial, and they are not an FDA approval.
Year
2026
Retatrutide
Shown in the cited source
FDA grants accelerated approval to the first treatment for Barth syndrome
U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Press announcement, 19 Sep 2025.
On 19 September 2025 the FDA granted accelerated approval to Forzinity (elamipretide) to improve muscle strength in adults and pediatric patients with Barth syndrome weighing at least 30 kg. Approval requires a post-approval randomized trial to confirm that the knee-strength change predicts patient benefit. This is not an anti-aging approval, and material sold as SS-31 is not Forzinity.
Who or what
Barth syndrome, body weight at least 30 kg
Sample
Not established.
Comparator
Not established.
Endpoint
Not established.
Limitations
Accelerated approval on a surrogate reasonably likely to predict benefit. Limited indication.
Year
2025
SS-31
Shown in the cited source
FDA note on inconsistent naming in the CJC-1295 family
U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Document posted at fda.gov/media/183819.
The FDA has documented inconsistent naming in this family. CJC-1295 with a drug-affinity complex, CJC-1295 without DAC, and modified GRF(1-29) are not labels you can treat as one chemical. Read the document and the lot certificate before assuming two vials match.
Who or what
Not established.
Sample
Not established.
Comparator
Not established.
Endpoint
Not established.
Limitations
A naming and identity warning, not an efficacy trial.
Year
Not established.
CJC-1295 / Ipamorelin CJC-1295 (no DAC)
Shown in the cited source
PubChem substance record: semaglutide
National Center for Biotechnology Information, PubChem.
Chemical identity record. Not a clinical trial.
Who or what
Not established.
Sample
Not established.
Comparator
Not established.
Endpoint
Not established.
Limitations
Not established.
Year
Not established.
Semaglutide
Shown in the cited source
PubChem substance record: tirzepatide
National Center for Biotechnology Information, PubChem.
Chemical identity record. Not a clinical trial.
Who or what
Not established.
Sample
Not established.
Comparator
Not established.
Endpoint
Not established.
Limitations
Not established.
Year
Not established.
Tirzepatide
Shown in the cited source
PubChem substance record: ipamorelin
National Center for Biotechnology Information, PubChem.
Chemical identity record for ipamorelin. Not evidence of a clinical effect.
Who or what
Not established.
Sample
Not established.
Comparator
Not established.
Endpoint
Not established.
Limitations
Not established.
Year
Not established.
Ipamorelin CJC-1295 / Ipamorelin
Shown in the cited source
PubChem substance record: BPC-157
National Center for Biotechnology Information, PubChem.
Chemical identity record. Human efficacy is not established by this record.
Who or what
Not established.
Sample
Not established.
Comparator
Not established.
Endpoint
Not established.
Limitations
Not established.
Year
Not established.
BPC-157 BPC-157 / TB-500