Evidence is not proof

Six ways a true finding gets overread

Animal results often fail to translate. The model answered a different biological question than the one a person is asking.

Small studies swing. Thirty people with no control group, which is the entire human set in the 2026 BPC-157 review, can look tidy and still be noise, bias, or the natural history of the condition.

Observational data cannot establish causation. People who seek a treatment differ from people who do not, in ways the dataset did not measure.

A mechanism does not guarantee an outcome. Occupying a receptor is not weight loss, healing, or a longer life.

Statistical significance is not practical importance. A change can be unlikely under the null and still too small to matter, or measured on a surrogate that never connects to how someone functions.

Publication bias is real. Studies that “work” are easier to find than studies that don’t. A lack of reported harm is not proof of safety. It is often proof that nobody looked systematically, for long enough, in the people who would actually be exposed.

How Peptarium uses those words

Demonstrated means the cited source itself shows the statement. Preliminary means the source is real and the inference is still thin: small, uncontrolled, investigational, or limited to one product. Unsupported means the claim is going around without a source we can point at. Not established means this index does not have a verified source. It does not mean the literature is empty, and it does not mean the substance is safe.

There is no numeric evidence score. A precise percentage would pretend we had a method we do not have.